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  "id": "CH08.P014",
  "oid": 207,
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  "work": "orthodoxy",
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    "title": "Orthodoxy",
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    "original_publication_year": 1908,
    "alternate_titles": [],
    "subjects": [
      "Christian apologetics",
      "Christianity",
      "Philosophy of religion",
      "Paradox",
      "G. K. Chesterton",
      "English literature, 20th century"
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  "text": "A short time ago Mrs. Besant, in an interesting essay, announced that there was only one religion in the world, that all faiths were only versions or perversions of it, and that she was quite prepared to say what it was. According to Mrs. Besant this universal Church is simply the universal self. It is the doctrine that we are really all one person; that there are no real walls of individuality between man and man. If I may put it so, she does not tell us to love our neighbours; she tells us to be our neighbours. That is Mrs. Besant's thoughtful and suggestive description of the religion in which all men must find themselves in agreement. And I never heard of any suggestion in my life with which I more violently disagree. I want to love my neighbour not because he is I, but precisely because he is not I. I want to adore the world, not as one likes a looking-glass, because it is one's self, but as one loves a woman, because she is entirely different. If souls are separate love is possible. If souls are united love is obviously impossible. A man may be said loosely to love himself, but he can hardly fall in love with himself, or, if he does, it must be a monotonous courtship. If the world is full of real selves, they can be really unselfish selves. But upon Mrs. Besant's principle the whole cosmos is only one enormously selfish person.",
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      "updated_at": "2026-11-07T18:31:03Z",
      "title": "Why Besant thought unity would deepen love",
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          "exact": "If souls are united love is obviously impossible.",
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          "prefix": " are separate love is possible. ",
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            "question": "Which Besant essay is the likely target, and how accurately does Chesterton represent its universal religion?"
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            "question": "Does Besant herself infer the disappearance of love from the oneness of selves?"
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      "title": "A probable source for Besant's universal religion",
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      "title": "The freedom concealed in dogma: orthodoxy as a resource for reform",
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