{
  "id": "CH07.P020",
  "oid": 176,
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  "label": null,
  "work": "orthodoxy",
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  "work_metadata": {
    "title": "Orthodoxy",
    "authors": [
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    "description": "G. K. Chesterton's Orthodoxy (1908), his account of how he came to Christian belief: the full text with annotations, cited sources and commentary.",
    "original_publication_year": 1908,
    "alternate_titles": [],
    "subjects": [
      "Christian apologetics",
      "Christianity",
      "Philosophy of religion",
      "Paradox",
      "G. K. Chesterton",
      "English literature, 20th century"
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  "url": "/orthodoxy/pg16769-r1/CH07.P020",
  "text": "Darwinism can be used to back up two mad moralities, but it cannot be used to back up a single sane one. The kinship and competition of all living creatures can be used as a reason for being insanely cruel or insanely sentimental; but not for a healthy love of animals. On the evolutionary basis you may be inhumane, or you may be absurdly humane; but you cannot be human. That you and a tiger are one may be a reason for being tender to a tiger. Or it may be a reason for being as cruel as the tiger. It is one way to train the tiger to imitate you, it is a shorter way to imitate the tiger. But in neither case does evolution tell you how to treat a tiger reasonably, that is, to admire his stripes while avoiding his claws.",
  "length_cp": 726,
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      "title": "Darwin's moral psychology exceeds the two extremes",
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          "exact": "On the evolutionary basis you may be inhumane, or you may be absurdly humane; but you cannot be human.",
          "start": 270,
          "end": 372,
          "prefix": " for a healthy love of animals. ",
          "suffix": " That you and a tiger are one ma",
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            "approach": "Philosophical contextualization: then and since",
            "question": "Does Darwin himself reduce evolutionary morality to either predatory competition or indiscriminate tenderness?"
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      "created_at": "2026-11-07T19:04:35Z",
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      "title": "A fixed ideal and the permanent work of reform",
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        "task": "Developing argument of chapter VII, The Eternal Revolution",
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