{
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  "oid": 165550,
  "revision": 1,
  "revision_oid": 165551,
  "work": "orthodoxy",
  "edition": "pg16769-r1",
  "title": "King Bomba and the dynasty Garibaldi overthrew",
  "anchors": [
    {
      "unit": "CH08.P018",
      "oid": 211,
      "role": null,
      "edition": "pg16769-r1",
      "paragraph": "CH08.P018",
      "exact": "The worshippers of Bomba's god dethroned Bomba.",
      "start": 497,
      "end": 544,
      "prefix": "p and saw a bad king in Naples. ",
      "suffix": " The worshippers of Swinburne's ",
      "url": "/orthodoxy/pg16769-r1/CH08.P018#char=497,544"
    }
  ],
  "body_markdown": "King Bomba was Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies (1810–1859), whose repression of the Sicilian revolution, including bombardment of its cities, gave him the nickname. The contemporary liberal account in the 1911 *Encyclopædia Britannica* makes him an emblem of arbitrary government. But Chesterton compresses two reigns into one: Ferdinand died in May 1859; Garibaldi's expedition began in May 1860 and expelled Ferdinand's son Francis II from Naples that September. The dynasty's remaining stronghold at Gaeta capitulated in February 1861. See the articles on [Ferdinand II](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Ferdinand_II._of_the_Two_Sicilies), paragraphs on Sicily, and [Francis II](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Francis_II._of_the_Two_Sicilies), the accession and 1860–61 campaign.\n\nThe sentence works best as a claim that a Christian society overthrew a Christian dynasty, rather than as literal biography. That establishes the possibility of rebellion within Christendom; it does not by itself establish Chesterton's stronger explanation that theological transcendence caused the rebellion. The historical narrative supplies neither a survey of the insurgents' beliefs nor a comparison proving that cause.",
  "sources": [
    {
      "url": "https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Ferdinand_II._of_the_Two_Sicilies",
      "title": "Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th edition: Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies (1911)",
      "locator": "Paragraph on the subjugation of Sicily and the epithet King Bomba",
      "exact": null
    },
    {
      "url": "https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Francis_II._of_the_Two_Sicilies",
      "title": "Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th edition: Francis II of the Two Sicilies (1911)",
      "locator": "Opening paragraph; paragraphs beginning Meanwhile the revolutionary parties, Francis, and Both Francis",
      "exact": null
    }
  ],
  "citations": [],
  "external_references": [
    {
      "url": "https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Ferdinand_II._of_the_Two_Sicilies",
      "title": "Ferdinand II"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Francis_II._of_the_Two_Sicilies",
      "title": "Francis II"
    }
  ],
  "limits": [
    "The Ferdinand transcription gives an inconsistent death year in its closing paragraph; the date here follows the Francis article's explicit accession date and the Ferdinand article's lifespan heading."
  ],
  "metadata": {
    "run": "chapter-08-restart-2026-11-07",
    "paragraph_investigator": "P018",
    "task": [
      {
        "approach": "Interlocutors and historical debates",
        "question": "Who was King Bomba, and did Garibaldi actually dethrone him?"
      },
      {
        "approach": "Interlocutors and historical debates",
        "question": "What makes Lord Curzon a pointed contemporary example, and were Indians politically inactive?"
      },
      {
        "approach": "Philosophical contextualization: then and since",
        "question": "Does an Indian advocate of spiritual oneness necessarily abandon moral discrimination and action?"
      },
      {
        "approach": "Biblical references",
        "question": "Where does the command to watch and pray occur, and how does Chesterton turn it into a political principle?"
      }
    ],
    "model": "gpt-6.1-sol"
  },
  "content_sha256": "sha256:8ab0504b74ab60b588222df8fb25e7422cfb52f004493e0b13dce050c37c415e",
  "created_at": "2026-11-07T18:31:03Z",
  "is_current": true,
  "url": "/a/a_t7wvhvrv",
  "revision_path": "/a/a_t7wvhvrv/r/1",
  "cited_by": [
    {
      "id": "a_rf4hlvbl",
      "revision": 1,
      "title": "The freedom concealed in dogma: orthodoxy as a resource for reform",
      "url": "/a/a_rf4hlvbl"
    }
  ]
}