{
  "id": "a_k7mmcf2v",
  "oid": 164938,
  "revision": 1,
  "revision_oid": 164939,
  "work": "orthodoxy",
  "edition": "pg16769-r1",
  "title": "A world made by one mind: the limit of the comparison with idealism",
  "anchors": [
    {
      "unit": "CH02.P017",
      "oid": 35,
      "role": null,
      "edition": "pg16769-r1",
      "paragraph": "CH02.P017",
      "exact": "For him his own friends are a mythology made up by himself.",
      "start": 388,
      "end": 447,
      "prefix": " the existence of men and cows. ",
      "suffix": " He created his own father and h",
      "url": "/orthodoxy/pg16769-r1/CH02.P017#char=388,447"
    }
  ],
  "body_markdown": "The position dramatized here is solipsistic: other people become the individual's own inventions. That is a stronger claim than saying that sensible things exist as ideas. Berkeley supplies a useful counterexample to treating all immaterialism as this nightmare. In his *Principles of Human Knowledge* (first published 1710; inspected in David R. Wilkins's transcription of the 1734 edition), §29 distinguishes perceptions from voluntary imaginings because the former do not obey our will. Section 145 affirms other spirits, known through effects or signs of their activity; §35 preserves ordinary sensible things while rejecting philosophical material substance. [Berkeley, §§29, 35, 145](https://www.maths.tcd.ie/~dwilkins/Berkeley/HumanKnowledge/1734/HumKno.html). Chesterton names no philosopher here. Berkeley is therefore a comparison, not an identified target. The passage's horror depends on converting friends and parents into private fabrications, rather than merely denying matter. The further suggestion that fashionable self-assertion stands only an inch away from that conclusion is Chesterton's polemical association, not a demonstrated philosophical entailment.",
  "sources": [
    {
      "url": "https://www.maths.tcd.ie/~dwilkins/Berkeley/HumanKnowledge/1734/HumKno.html",
      "title": "George Berkeley, A Treatise concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge (1734 text)",
      "locator": "§§29, 35, 145",
      "exact": null
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.maths.tcd.ie/~dwilkins/Berkeley/HumanKnowledge/",
      "title": "David R. Wilkins, edition description",
      "locator": "Statement that the transcription follows Jacob Tonson's 1734 edition",
      "exact": null
    }
  ],
  "citations": [],
  "external_references": [
    {
      "url": "https://www.maths.tcd.ie/~dwilkins/Berkeley/HumanKnowledge/1734/HumKno.html",
      "title": "Berkeley, §§29, 35, 145"
    }
  ],
  "limits": [
    "No particular solipsist or school is named or independently established as Chesterton's intended target."
  ],
  "metadata": {
    "run": "chapter-02-restart-2026-11-07",
    "paragraph_investigator": "P017",
    "task": [
      {
        "approach": "Philosophical contextualization: then and since",
        "question": "What distinguishes the self-created world described here from philosophical immaterialism, particularly Berkeley's account of other minds?"
      },
      {
        "approach": "Interlocutors and historical debates",
        "question": "How does the looking-glass Superman compare with Nietzsche's presentation of the ideal, and how precisely can Chesterton's target be identified?"
      }
    ],
    "model": "gpt-6.1-sol"
  },
  "content_sha256": "sha256:23b65a1d692fbde403b2c075526cd68890539ab3c139a75a04726db240cad283",
  "created_at": "2026-11-07T16:10:56Z",
  "is_current": true,
  "url": "/a/a_k7mmcf2v",
  "revision_path": "/a/a_k7mmcf2v/r/1",
  "cited_by": []
}